Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited condition that affects the cells which make mucus, sweat, and digestive juices. Normally these fluids are thin and slippery. In CF, a change in the CFTR gene makes them thick and sticky, so they clog the tubes and passages in the body, especially in the lungs and the pancreas (part of the digestive system).

This can lead to repeated chest infections and difficulty absorbing nutrients from food. Cystic fibrosis is less common in South Asia than in Europe, and it may be under-recognised, so awareness helps families and doctors consider it when symptoms fit.

Cystic fibrosis is usually diagnosed with a sweat test, which measures the amount of salt (chloride) in sweat; it is higher than normal in CF. The test is simple and painless. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying changes in the CFTR gene. In some countries, newborn screening detects CF early, before symptoms appear.

There is no cure yet, but treatment has improved greatly and helps people stay well and active. Care focuses on keeping the airways clear, preventing and treating infections, and making sure the body gets enough nutrition. A team of specialists usually works together on a personalised plan.

• Airway clearance, such as chest physiotherapy and breathing techniques
• Inhaled medicines to loosen mucus and open the airways
• Antibiotics to prevent and treat chest infections
• Pancreatic enzyme capsules with meals, plus a high-energy diet and vitamins
• Newer CFTR modulator medicines that help the faulty protein work better, for suitable patients

A daily routine is the heart of caring for a child with CF. Airway clearance, enzymes with every meal, and good hygiene to avoid infections become part of family life. With support, children with CF go to school, play, and take part in everyday activities.

• Do airway clearance every day, even when your child feels well
• Give pancreatic enzymes with all meals and snacks
• Practise good hand hygiene and avoid close contact with others who have CF
• Keep regular clinic visits so the plan can be adjusted as your child grows

• Pulmonologist

  A lung specialist who manages breathing and chest health

• Gastroenterologist / dietitian

  Helps with digestion, enzymes, and nutrition

• Physiotherapist

  Teaches airway clearance and breathing techniques